Where does Nautilus store bookmark names?

They are stored in the ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks file

In older versions of Ubuntu they are stored in the ~/.gtk-bookmarks file.

The format is:

file:///path/to/folder Bookmark_name

You can also specify other location protocols such as SFTP, FTP, or SMB:

sftp://username@hostname/path/to/folder Bookmark_name