Postgres FOR LOOP

Procedural elements like loops are not part of the SQL language and can only be used inside the body of a procedural language function, procedure (Postgres 11 or later) or a DO statement, where such additional elements are defined by the respective procedural language. The default is PL/pgSQL, but there are others.

Example with plpgsql:

DO
$do$
BEGIN 
   FOR i IN 1..25 LOOP
      INSERT INTO playtime.meta_random_sample
         (col_i, col_id)                       -- declare target columns!
      SELECT  i,     id
      FROM   tbl
      ORDER  BY random()
      LIMIT  15000;
   END LOOP;
END
$do$;

For many tasks that can be solved with a loop, there is a shorter and faster set-based solution around the corner. Pure SQL equivalent for your example:

INSERT INTO playtime.meta_random_sample (col_i, col_id)
SELECT t.*
FROM   generate_series(1,25) i
CROSS  JOIN LATERAL (
   SELECT i, id
   FROM   tbl
   ORDER  BY random()
   LIMIT  15000
   ) t;

About generate_series():

• What is the expected behaviour for multiple set-returning functions in SELECT clause?

About optimizing performance of random selections:

• Best way to select random rows PostgreSQL

Below is example you can use:

create temp table test2 (
  id1  numeric,
  id2  numeric,
  id3  numeric,
  id4  numeric,
  id5  numeric,
  id6  numeric,
  id7  numeric,
  id8  numeric,
  id9  numeric,
  id10 numeric) 
with (oids = false);

do
$do$
declare
     i int;
begin
for  i in 1..100000
loop
    insert into test2  values (random(), i * random(), i / random(), i + random(), i * random(), i / random(), i + random(), i * random(), i / random(), i + random());
end loop;
end;
$do$;

I just ran into this question and, while it is old, I figured I'd add an answer for the archives. The OP asked about for loops, but their goal was to gather a random sample of rows from the table. For that task, Postgres 9.5+ offers the TABLESAMPLE clause on WHERE. Here's a good rundown:

https://www.2ndquadrant.com/en/blog/tablesample-in-postgresql-9-5-2/

I tend to use Bernoulli as it's row-based rather than page-based, but the original question is about a specific row count. For that, there's a built-in extension:

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tsm-system-rows.html

CREATE EXTENSION tsm_system_rows;

Then you can grab whatever number of rows you want:

select * from playtime tablesample system_rows (15);

I find it more convenient to make a connection using a procedural programming language (like Python) and do these types of queries.

import psycopg2
connection_psql = psycopg2.connect( user="admin_user"
                                  , password="***"
                                  , port="5432"
                                  , database="myDB"
                                  , host="[ENDPOINT]")
cursor_psql = connection_psql.cursor()

myList = [...]
for item in myList:
  cursor_psql.execute('''
    -- The query goes here
  ''')

connection_psql.commit()
cursor_psql.close()