Avoiding memory leaks with Scalaz 7 zipWithIndex/group enumeratees

Background

As noted in this question, I'm using Scalaz 7 iteratees to process a large (i.e., unbounded) stream of data in constant heap space.

My code looks like this:

type ErrorOrT[M[+_], A] = EitherT[M, Throwable, A]
type ErrorOr[A] = ErrorOrT[IO, A]

def processChunk(c: Chunk, idx: Long): Result

def process(data: EnumeratorT[Chunk, ErrorOr]): IterateeT[Vector[(Chunk, Long)], ErrorOr, Vector[Result]] =
  Iteratee.fold[Vector[(Chunk, Long)], ErrorOr, Vector[Result]](Nil) { (rs, vs) =>
    rs ++ vs map { 
      case (c, i) => processChunk(c, i) 
    }
  } &= (data.zipWithIndex mapE Iteratee.group(P))

The Problem

I seem to have run into a memory leak, but I'm not familiar enough with Scalaz/FP to know whether the bug is in Scalaz or in my code. Intuitively, I expect this code to require only (on the order of) P times the Chunk-size space.

Note: I found a similar question in which an OutOfMemoryError was encountered, but my code is not using consume.

Testing

I ran some tests to try and isolate the problem. To summarize, the leak only appears to arise when both zipWithIndex and group are used.

// no zipping/grouping
scala> (i1 &= enumArrs(1 << 25, 128)).run.unsafePerformIO
res47: Long = 4294967296

// grouping only
scala> (i2 &= (enumArrs(1 << 25, 128) mapE Iteratee.group(4))).run.unsafePerformIO
res49: Long = 4294967296

// zipping and grouping
scala> (i3 &= (enumArrs(1 << 25, 128).zipWithIndex mapE Iteratee.group(4))).run.unsafePerformIO
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space

// zipping only
scala> (i4 &= (enumArrs(1 << 25, 128).zipWithIndex)).run.unsafePerformIO
res51: Long = 4294967296

// no zipping/grouping, larger arrays
scala> (i1 &= enumArrs(1 << 27, 128)).run.unsafePerformIO
res53: Long = 17179869184

// zipping only, larger arrays
scala> (i4 &= (enumArrs(1 << 27, 128).zipWithIndex)).run.unsafePerformIO
res54: Long = 17179869184

Code for the tests:

import scalaz.iteratee._, scalaz.effect.IO, scalaz.std.vector._

// define an enumerator that produces a stream of new, zero-filled arrays
def enumArrs(sz: Int, n: Int) = 
  Iteratee.enumIterator[Array[Int], IO](
    Iterator.continually(Array.fill(sz)(0)).take(n))

// define an iteratee that consumes a stream of arrays 
// and computes its length
val i1 = Iteratee.fold[Array[Int], IO, Long](0) { 
  (c, a) => c + a.length 
}

// define an iteratee that consumes a grouped stream of arrays 
// and computes its length
val i2 = Iteratee.fold[Vector[Array[Int]], IO, Long](0) { 
  (c, as) => c + as.map(_.length).sum 
}

// define an iteratee that consumes a grouped/zipped stream of arrays
// and computes its length
val i3 = Iteratee.fold[Vector[(Array[Int], Long)], IO, Long](0) {
  (c, vs) => c + vs.map(_._1.length).sum
}

// define an iteratee that consumes a zipped stream of arrays
// and computes its length
val i4 = Iteratee.fold[(Array[Int], Long), IO, Long](0) {
  (c, v) => c + v._1.length
}

Questions

Is the bug in my code?
How can I make this work in constant heap space?

This will come as little consolation for anyone who's stuck with the older iteratee API, but I recently verified that an equivalent test passes against the scalaz-stream API. This is a newer stream processing API that is intended to replace iteratee.

For completeness, here's the test code:

// create a stream containing `n` arrays with `sz` Ints in each one
def streamArrs(sz: Int, n: Int): Process[Task, Array[Int]] =
  (Process emit Array.fill(sz)(0)).repeat take n

(streamArrs(1 << 25, 1 << 14).zipWithIndex 
      pipe process1.chunk(4) 
      pipe process1.fold(0L) {
    (c, vs) => c + vs.map(_._1.length.toLong).sum
  }).runLast.run

This should work with any value for the n parameter (provided you're willing to wait long enough) -- I tested with 2^14 32MiB arrays (i.e., a total of half a TiB of memory allocated over time).

Avoiding memory leaks with Scalaz 7 zipWithIndex/group enumeratees

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