Daemon Threads Explanation
In the Python documentation it says:
A thread can be flagged as a "daemon thread". The significance of this flag is that the entire Python program exits when only daemon threads are left. The initial value is inherited from the creating thread.
Does anyone have a clearer explanation of what that means or a practical example showing where you would set threads as daemonic?
Clarify it for me: so the only situation you wouldn't set threads as daemonic, is when you want them to continue running after the main thread exits?
Some threads do background tasks, like sending keepalive packets, or performing periodic garbage collection, or whatever. These are only useful when the main program is running, and it's okay to kill them off once the other, non-daemon, threads have exited.
Without daemon threads, you'd have to keep track of them, and tell them to exit, before your program can completely quit. By setting them as daemon threads, you can let them run and forget about them, and when your program quits, any daemon threads are killed automatically.
Let's say you're making some kind of dashboard widget. As part of this, you want it to display the unread message count in your email box. So you make a little thread that will:
- Connect to the mail server and ask how many unread messages you have.
- Signal the GUI with the updated count.
- Sleep for a little while.
When your widget starts up, it would create this thread, designate it a daemon, and start it. Because it's a daemon, you don't have to think about it; when your widget exits, the thread will stop automatically.
Other posters gave some examples for situations in which you'd use daemon threads. My recommendation, however, is never to use them.
It's not because they're not useful, but because there are some bad side effects you can experience if you use them. Daemon threads can still execute after the Python runtime starts tearing down things in the main thread, causing some pretty bizarre exceptions.
More info here:
https://joeshaw.org/python-daemon-threads-considered-harmful/
https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2005-February/343697.html
Strictly speaking you never need them, it just makes implementation easier in some cases.
A simpler way to think about it, perhaps: when main returns, your process will not exit if there are non-daemon threads still running.
A bit of advice: Clean shutdown is easy to get wrong when threads and synchronization are involved - if you can avoid it, do so. Use daemon threads whenever possible.
Chris already explained what daemon threads are, so let's talk about practical usage. Many thread pool implementations use daemon threads for task workers. Workers are threads which execute tasks from task queue.
Worker needs to keep waiting for tasks in task queue indefinitely as they don't know when new task will appear. Thread which assigns tasks (say main thread) only knows when tasks are over. Main thread waits on task queue to get empty and then exits. If workers are user threads i.e. non-daemon, program won't terminate. It will keep waiting for these indefinitely running workers, even though workers aren't doing anything useful. Mark workers daemon threads, and main thread will take care of killing them as soon as it's done handling tasks.