Do I need to reinstall OS X after accidentally removing Python?

This question probably has all the answers for you. In short there is no easy way. Your options are:

1. Recover the files from a (Time machin) Backup, if existent.
2. Reinstall OSX, e.g. from the Recovery mode pressing Command+R at the startup screen
3. Copy the missing files from the Recovery partition (check if the partition is up to date first). E.g. by doing cp -a /bin /Volumes/<your disk name>

If it's only one file you need, you can DL your version of OS X, and create a USB installer. Then install the new OS X on another flash drive. This one is called a bootable flash drive. Then go back to your troubled system and mount the bootable drive. Find the file you need and voila.