Difference between _self, _top, and _parent in the anchor tag target attribute
While these answers are good, IMHO I don't think they fully address the question.
The target attribute in an anchor tag tells the browser the target of the destination of the anchor. They were initially created in order to manipulate and direct anchors to the frame system of document. This was well before CSS came to the aid of HTML developers.
While target="_self" is default by browser and the most common target is target="_blank" which opens the anchor in a new window(which has been redirected to tabs by browser settings usually). The "_parent", "_top" and framename tags are left a mystery to those that aren't familiar with the days of iframe site building as the trend.
target="_self" This opens an anchor in the same frame. What is confusing is that because we generally don't write in frames anymore (and the frame and frameset tags are obsolete in HTML5) people assume this a same window function. Instead if this anchor was nested in frames it would open in a sandbox mode of sorts, meaning only in that frame.
target="_parent" Will open the in the next level up of a frame if they were nested to inside one another
target="_top" This breaks outside of all the frames it is nested in and opens the link as top document in the browser window.
target="framename This was originally deprecated but brought back in HTML5. This will target the exact frame in question. While the name was the proper method that method has been replaced with using the id identifying tag.
<!--Example:-->
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<iframe src="url1" name="A"><p> This my first iframe</p></iframe>
<iframe src="url2" name="B"><p> This my second iframe</p></iframe>
<iframe src="url3" name="C"><p> This my third iframe</p></iframe>
<a href="url4" target="B"></a>
</body>
</html>
Below is an image showing nested frames and the effect of different target values, followed by an explanation of the image.
Imagine a webpage containing 3 nested <iframe> aka "frame"/"frameset". So:
- the outermost webpage/browser is the starting context
- the outermost webpage is the parent of frame 3
- frame 3 is the parent of frame 2
- frame 2 is the parent of frame 1
- frame 1 is the innermost frame
Then target attributes have these effects:
- If frame 1 has a link with
target="_self", the link targets frame 1 (i.e. the link targets the frame containing the link (i.e. targets itself)) - If frame 1 has a link with
target="_parent", the link targets frame 2 (i.e. the link targets the parent frame) - If frame 1 has a link with
target="_top", the link targets the initial webpage (i.e. the link targets the topmost/outermost frame; (in this case; the link skips past the grandparent frame 3))- If frame 2 has a link with
target="_top", the link also targets the initial webpage (i.e. again, the link targets the topmost/outermost frame)
- If frame 2 has a link with
- If any of these frames has a link with
target="_blank", the link targets an auxiliary browsing context, aka a "new window"/"new tab"- This applies to frame 3, frame 2, frame 1, and the outermost webpage. Be careful of "tabnabbing" in case of
target="_blank"; use therel="noopener"attribute
- This applies to frame 3, frame 2, frame 1, and the outermost webpage. Be careful of "tabnabbing" in case of
Section 6.16 Frame target names in the HTML 4.01 spec defines the meanings, but it is partly outdated. It refers to “windows”, whereas HTML5 drafts more realistically speak about “browsing contexts”, since modern browsers often use tabs instead of windows in this context.
Briefly, _self is the default (current browsing context, i.e. current window or tab), so it is useful only to override a <base target=...> setting. The value _parent refers to the frameset that is the parent of the current frame, whereas _top “breaks out of all frames” and opens the linked document in the entire browser window.
target="_blank"
Opens a new window and show the related data.
target="_self"
Opens the window in the same frame, it means existing window itself.
target="_top"
Opens the linked document in the full body of the window.
target="_parent"
Opens data in the size of parent window.
Here is a practical example of Anchor tag with different
Target Attribute