Remove Minecraft gamerules in-game

No, there is no command to remove a custom gamerule in-game. It is, however, possible with a program such as NBTEdit.

Open up your world file, and navigate to level.dat > Data > Gamerules. enter image description here

Within those gamerules you should see the one you created. Select it, and press delete. When you save and open up your world, it should be gone.