Can "nuisance" be an adjective?
According to Wiktionary there is a noun nuisance tax. Does this suggest nuisance can be an adjective? Is it?
What you have there is a noun adjunct.
In grammar, a noun adjunct, or attributive noun, or noun premodifier is a noun that modifies another noun, and is optional—meaning that it can be removed without changing the grammar of the sentence; it is a noun functioning as an adjective.
Nuisance is not an adjective in the strictest sense. Nuisance tax is what is known as a noun compound, and the first word in that phrase is known by a variety of names. See this question that talks about the variety of names (one is noun adjective, interestingly).
Other common noun compound examples are space shuttle and computer programming.