How to initialize an array of custom objects
First, as this leads to my question, I'll start by noting that I've worked with XML a fair bit in PowerShell, and like how I can read data from XML files, quickly, into arrays of custom objects. For example, if I had the following XML file:
<stuff>
<item name="Joe" age="32">
<info>something about him</info>
</item>
<item name="Sue" age="29">
<info>something about her</info>
</item>
<item name="Cat" age="12">
<info>something else</info>
</item>
</stuff>
And if I read it in simply, like this:
[xml]$myxml = Get-Content .\my.xml
Then I can get to an array of my items like this:
[array]$myitems = $myxml.stuff.Item
$myitems
name age info
---- --- ----
Joe 32 something about him
Sue 29 something about her
Cat 12 something else
So, now my question:
How can I create a similar structure of an array of custom objects, and initialize them in my script, without reading a file?
I can do lots of looping and/or lots of creating/initializing individual objects, and then add to an array one at a time...
But it seems there should be a way to perform this creation/initialization in a simpler way. Note that the key here, is that my custom objects have more than two elements (otherwise, I'd have used a hash).
I've even looked at creating a big string of XML, and using Select-XML, but I just couldn't get the syntax right (if that was even the right road to be heading down).
I'd do something along these lines:
$myitems =
@([pscustomobject]@{name="Joe";age=32;info="something about him"},
[pscustomobject]@{name="Sue";age=29;info="something about her"},
[pscustomobject]@{name="Cat";age=12;info="something else"})
Note that this only works in PowerShell 3, but since you did not mention the version in your question I'm assuming this does not matter for you.
Update
It has been mentioned in comments that if you do the following:
$younger = $myitems | Where-Object { $_.age -lt 20 }
Write-Host "people younger than 20: $($younger.Length)"
You won't get 1 as you might expect. This happens when a single pscustomobject is returned. Now this is not a problem for most of other objects in PowerShell, because they have surrogate properties for Length and Count. Unfortunately pscustomobject does not. This is fixed in PowerShell 6.1.0. You can work around this by using operator @():
$younger = @($myitems | Where-Object { $_.age -lt 20 })
For more background see here and here.
Update 2
In PowerShell 5 one can use Classes to acheive similar functionality. For example you can define a class like this:
class Person {
[string]$name
[int]$age
[string]$info; `
`
Person(
[string]$name,
[int]$age,
[string]$info
){
$this.name = $name
$this.age = $age
$this.info = $info
}
}
Backticks here are so that you could copy and paste it to the command line, they are not required in a script. Once the class is defined you can the create an array the usual way:
$myitems =@([Person]::new("Joe",32,"something about him"),
[Person]::new("Sue",29,"something about her"),
[Person]::new("Cat",12,"something else"))
Note that this way does not have the drawback mentioned in the previous update, even in PowerShell 5.
Update 3
You can also intialize a class object with a hashtable, similar to the first example. For that you need to make sure that a default contructor defined. If you do not provide any constructors, one will be created for you, but if you provide a non-default one, default constructor won't be there and you will need to define it explicitly. Here is an example with default constructor that is auto-created:
class Person {
[string]$name
[int]$age
[string]$info;
}
With that you can:
$person = @([Person]@{name='Kevin';age=36;info="something about him"}
[Person]@{name='Sue';age=29;info="something about her"}
[Person]@{name='Cat';age=12;info="something else"})
This is a bit more verbose, but also a bit more explicit. Thanks to @js2010 for pointing this out.
Here is a concise way to initialize an array of hashtables in PowerShell.
> $body = @( @{ Prop1="1"; Prop2="2"; Prop3="3" }, @{ Prop1="1"; Prop2="2"; Prop3="3" } )
> $body
Name Value
---- -----
Prop2 2
Prop1 1
Prop3 3
Prop2 2
Prop1 1
Prop3 3
Maybe you mean like this? I like to make an object and use Format-Table:
> $array = @()
> $object = New-Object -TypeName PSObject
> $object | Add-Member -Name 'Name' -MemberType Noteproperty -Value 'Joe'
> $object | Add-Member -Name 'Age' -MemberType Noteproperty -Value 32
> $object | Add-Member -Name 'Info' -MemberType Noteproperty -Value 'something about him'
> $array += $object
> $array | Format-Table
Name Age Info
---- --- ----
Joe 32 something about him
This will put all objects you have in the array in columns according to their properties.
Tip: Using -auto sizes the table better
> $array | Format-Table -Auto
Name Age Info
---- --- ----
Joe 32 something about him
You can also specify which properties you want in the table. Just separate each property name with a comma:
> $array | Format-Table Name, Age -Auto
Name Age
---- ---
Joe 32
The simplest way to initialize an array
Create array
$array = @()
Create your header
$line = "" | select name,age,phone
Fill the line
$line.name = "Leandro"
$line.age = "39"
$line.phone = "555-555555"
Add line to $array
$array += $line
Result
$array
name age phone
---- --- -----
Leandro 39 555-555555