Implement converters for entities with Java Generics

I'm working on JSF project with Spring and Hibernate which among other things has a number of Converters that follow the same pattern:

• getAsObject receives the string representation of the object id, converts it to a number, and fetch the entity of the given kind and the given id

• getAsString receives and entity and returns the id of the object converted to String

The code is essentially what follows (checks omitted):

@ManagedBean(name="myConverter")
@SessionScoped
public class MyConverter implements Converter {
    private MyService myService;

    /* ... */
    @Override
    public Object getAsObject(FacesContext facesContext, UIComponent uiComponent, String value) {
        int id = Integer.parseInt(value);
        return myService.getById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public String getAsString(FacesContext facesContext, UIComponent uiComponent, Object value) {
        return ((MyEntity)value).getId().toString();
    }
}

Given the large number of Converters that are exactly like this (except for the type of MyService and MyEntity of course), I was wondering if it was worth using a single generic converter. The implementation of the generic by itself is not difficult, but I'm not sure about the right approach to declare the Beans.

A possible solution is the following:

1 - Write the generic implementation, let's call it MyGenericConverter, without any Bean annotation

2 - Write the specific converter ad a subclass of MyGenericConverter<T> and annotate it as needed:

@ManagedBean(name="myFooConverter")
@SessionScoped
public class MyFooConverter implements MyGenericConverter<Foo> {
    /* ... */
}

While writing this I realized that maybe a Generic is not really needed, so maybe I could simply write a base class with the implementation of the two methods, and subclass as needed.

There a few non trivial details that have to be taken care of (like the fact that I'd have to abstract the MyService class in some way) so my first question is : is it worth the hassle ?

And if so, are there other approaches ?

Solution 1:

Easiest would be to let all your JPA entities extend from a base entity like this:

public abstract class BaseEntity<T extends Number> implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public abstract T getId();

    public abstract void setId(T id);

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return (getId() != null) 
            ? (getClass().getSimpleName().hashCode() + getId().hashCode())
            : super.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object other) {
        return (other != null && getId() != null
                && other.getClass().isAssignableFrom(getClass()) 
                && getClass().isAssignableFrom(other.getClass())) 
            ? getId().equals(((BaseEntity<?>) other).getId())
            : (other == this);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("%s[id=%d]", getClass().getSimpleName(), getId());
    }

}

Note that it's important to have a proper equals() (and hashCode()), otherwise you will face Validation Error: Value is not valid. The Class#isAssignableFrom() tests are to avoid failing tests on e.g. Hibernate based proxies without the need to fall back to Hibernate-specific Hibernate#getClass(Object) helper method.

And have a base service like this (yes, I'm ignoring the fact that you're using Spring; it's just to give the base idea):

@Stateless
public class BaseService {

    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager em;

    public BaseEntity<? extends Number> find(Class<BaseEntity<? extends Number>> type, Number id) {
        return em.find(type, id);
    }

}

And implement the converter as follows:

@ManagedBean
@ApplicationScoped
@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" }) // We don't care about BaseEntity's actual type here.
public class BaseEntityConverter implements Converter {

    @EJB
    private BaseService baseService;

    @Override
    public String getAsString(FacesContext context, UIComponent component, Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            return "";
        }

        if (modelValue instanceof BaseEntity) {
            Number id = ((BaseEntity) modelValue).getId();
            return (id != null) ? id.toString() : null;
        } else {
            throw new ConverterException(new FacesMessage(String.format("%s is not a valid User", modelValue)), e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Object getAsObject(FacesContext context, UIComponent component, String value) {
        if (value == null || value.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }

        try {
            Class<?> type = component.getValueExpression("value").getType(context.getELContext());
            return baseService.find((Class<BaseEntity<? extends Number>>) type, Long.valueOf(submittedValue));
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            throw new ConverterException(new FacesMessage(String.format("%s is not a valid ID of BaseEntity", submittedValue)), e);
        }
    }

}

Note that it's registered as a @ManagedBean instead of a @FacesConverter. This trick allows you to inject a service in the converter via e.g. @EJB. See also How to inject @EJB, @PersistenceContext, @Inject, @Autowired, etc in @FacesConverter? So you need to reference it as converter="#{baseEntityConverter}" instead of converter="baseEntityConverter".

If you happen to use such a converter more than often for UISelectOne/UISelectMany components (<h:selectOneMenu> and friends), you may find OmniFaces SelectItemsConverter much more useful. It converts based on the values available in <f:selectItems> instead of making (potentially expensive) DB calls everytime.