Overriding referenced style attributes

I think you need that line in your theme

<item name="android:checkedTextViewStyle">@style/ListViewCheckedTextViewRowStyle</item>

so it would look like this:

<style name="Theme.Yellowgreen" parent="android:Theme.Holo.Light.DarkActionBar">
    <item name="android:listChoiceIndicatorMultiple">@drawable/btn_check_holo_light</item>
    <item name="android:checkedTextViewStyle">@style/ListViewCheckedTextViewRowStyle</item>
</style>

UPDATE

After question update and some additional information form comments we found that the problem was in Context. It's the same mistake I did in that my question: Android color selector doesn't work with custom attributes

To one fragment was passed Activity and to the other Application. I'm not an expert but even both of those classes are extending Context only the Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper, which has information about styles. It might be helpful to read that article for future understanding Context: http://www.doubleencore.com/2013/06/context/