Can't right-click on Downloads, Documents, Pictures, Music, Videos in Windows File Explorer

However, if I run sfc /scannow on the command prompt as an administrator and after successfully executing the command I can right-click on them, and also I can click on any menu. But If I shut down the PC and again power on the machine, again the same problem occurs

That the same problem occurs after restart after running SFC fixed the issue means something deeper has gone wrong.

Run a Windows 10 Repair Install

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10

Windows 10 is running, so click on the Download button (not Upgrade Button) and select Run.

This will launch the Repair and proceed normally.

Start with the option in the Repair to Keep Everything and see if that works.

The remaining two options are more aggressive: Keep only Data (this keeps data and your user profile but you need to reinstall software) and Keep Nothing (which is essentially a Windows reinstall and you need to make sure you have backups).