Why doesn't ls -U list files in alphabetical order?

Solution 1:

As per man ls:

-U do not sort; list entries in directory order

Otherwise the default behavior is

Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftu‐ vSUX nor --sort is specified

Directory order refers to the order in which the files are internally stored in the file system. Different FS:s use different criteria, so the order depends on the FS itself.