determining the max resolution that a computer can do HEVC encodings to?
Solution 1:
The specification for the Intel Core i7-10610U include this:
The specification for the Intel Core i7-1065G7 include this:
You can see from the above that the Intel Core i7-10610U is indeed limited to 4K, while the Intel Core i7-1065G7 can do 5K.
The way to ensure that the CPU you buy can do encoding at 5K, is to consult the specifications before buying.
Note that these specifications are for the built-in GPU. One way to avoid such a limitation is by adding another GPU card that is less limited (if possible).