How to magnify in Chrome without scaling the page?

If you are on a Windows PC, then use the magnifier. Press Win++ to turn it on, Win+ESC to turn it off.

Note that it works globally not just Chrome.

OR

You can install Magnifying Glass (Hover Zoom) an extension

that enables you to magnify a portion of a webpage with click of a button. Press on the toolbar button to see the magnifying glass on the current page.

Screen while using Magnifier Glass