Copying image with text from Microsoft Teams Chat into Word or Outlook
As far as I know, it seems that there is no such way to copy all the Teams chat content containing images completely to the messages in Outlook client.
If there are not many images in your Teams chat content, it is recommended that you could try to right-click the images in Teams to copy and manually add it to the place where you failed to paste the image in the Outlook message.
In addition, I found that when manually selecting part of Teams chat content, the content containing image can be copied and pasted successfully. If you don't have to copy and paste all Teams chat content, maybe this can help you.