How can I get my data from my windows 10 drive?

I have an old windows 10 computer which has DDR3 ram and an I7-4770k. Recently, the PSU died, I replaced it, then two days after something else died (It's probably the Motherboard, low chance if it being the CPU). I cannot afford to replace anything else to boot it for the moment, and even doing so it's impossible to find these old ddr3 components in my country.

My question is if I get a new computer, can I just plug the hard drive in SATA as a secondary drive and access my files ? It is locked by password and some files have EFS. If no what other options do I have ? Can I use it as an external drive ? I don't have the certificates backed up, not even sure if they're on the computer I can just right click and unlock the files usually.

I only have access to a MacBook Pro for now, I would like to backup all that data and also access it.

Thank you !

Edit : My hard drive is not encrypted, it only has windows login password, only some files have EFS padlock on. Some of them important.

If you used a Microsoft Account to login your computer you best bet is to get/borrow/rent another Windows 10 computer. Login to that with your Microsoft Account and then connect your old disk. (E.g using an USB enclosure or USB-SATA cable or connect it as a 2nd SATA drive.)
With a little luck you can then access the disk because the EFS encryption keys should be linked to the Microsoft account.

If that doesn't work you will have to get another computer too (preferably with hardware as similar as possible to your old computer), but connect your old disk as system-drive to that and try to boot from it.
With a little luck you can boot it far enough to login with your original useraccount/password and access your files.

In both cases copy your files to another medium WITHOUT ENCRYPTION first. (You don't want to use ANY encryption that has a dependency on the hardware/Windows-installation when moving files between systems.)