Yubikey 5c not recognized via docking station
In the post Yubikey is not recognized right after boot, a method to force the detection of the YubiKey was to enter the command:
sudo udevadm trigger
If this doesn't work for you, Yubico in the post Using a YubiKey with USB-C Adapters acknowledges that some adapters are just incompatible with its hardware. Yubico doesn't offer any solution to this incompatibility, except the advice to assure that the adapter is compatible before buying one.