Calculate $\frac{1}{\sin(x)} +\frac{1}{\cos(x)}$ if $\sin(x)+\cos(x)=\frac{7}{5}$

Solution 1:

Notice, $$\frac{1}{\sin x}+\frac{1}{\cos x}$$ $$=\frac{\sin x+\cos x}{\sin x\cos x}$$ $$=2\cdot \frac{\sin x+\cos x}{2\sin x\cos x}$$ $$=2\cdot \frac{\sin x+\cos x}{(\sin x+\cos x)^2-1}$$ setting the value of $\sin x+\cos x$, $$=2\cdot \frac{\frac 75}{\left(\frac{7}{5}\right)^2-1}$$ $$=\frac{35}{12}$$

Solution 2:

$$\sin x+\cos x=\frac{7}{5}$$ Let $\sin x=t$ $$\implies t+\sqrt{1-t^2}=\frac{7}{5}$$ Shifting, squaring and simplifying, we get $$25t^2-35t+12=0$$ $$\implies t=\frac{35 \pm 5}{50}$$ Hence, $$\sin x= \frac{4}{5},\ \cos x=\frac{3}{5} \ \text{or} \ \cos x= \frac{4}{5}, \ \sin x=\frac{3}{5}$$ But as we need to find $$\frac{1}{\sin(x)} +\frac{1}{\cos(x)}$$ it becomes $$\frac{5}{4}+\frac{5}{3}=\frac{35}{12}$$

Solution 3:

\begin{align} \sin(x)+\cos(x) &= \frac 75 \\ \left(\sin(x)+\cos(x)\right)^2 &= \left( \frac 75 \right)^2 \\ 1 + 2 \sin(x) \cos(x) &= \frac{49}{25} \\ \sin(x) \cos(x) &= \frac{12}{25} \end{align}

\begin{align} \frac{1}{\sin(x)} + \frac{1}{\cos(x)} &= \frac{\sin(x) + \cos(x)}{\sin(x) \cos(x)}\\ &= \frac{\left(\frac{7}{5}\right)}{\left(\frac{12}{25}\right)}\\ &= \frac{7 \times 25}{5\times 12}\\ &= \frac{35}{12} \end{align}

Solution 4:

$$ s + c = \frac{7}{5};\quad s^2 + c^2 \frac{35}{12} = 1; $$

Solving quadratic equation by elimination of one of the two variables

$$ s= \left(\frac{4}{5}, \frac{3}{5} \right );\quad c = \left(\frac{3}{5}, \frac{4}{5} \right) ; $$

respectively. They are interchangeable. So only one result is obtained with either of two inputs:

$$ \frac{1}{s} + \frac{1}{c} =\frac{5}{4} +\frac{5}{3} = \frac{35}{12}. $$

Solution 5:

$$ \begin{align} \sin(x)+\cos(x)=\frac75 &\implies1-\sin^2(x)=\frac{49}{25}-\frac{14}5\sin(x)+\sin^2(x)\\ &\implies\sin^2(x)-\frac75\sin(x)+\frac{12}{25}=0\\ &\implies\sin(x)=\frac{7\pm1}{10}\\ &\implies\sin(x)\in\left\{\frac35,\frac45\right\} \end{align} $$ Since $\cos(x)=\frac75-\sin(x)\gt0$, if $\sin(x)=\frac35$ then $\cos(x)=\frac45$ and vice-versa. Therefore, $$ \frac1{\sin(x)}+\frac1{\cos(x)}=\frac{35}{12} $$