What is L in [QSA, L] in htaccess
QSA means that if there's a query string passed with the original URL, it will be appended to the rewrite (olle?p=1 will be rewritten as index.php?url=olle&p=1.
L means if the rule matches, don't process any more RewriteRules below this one.
Hi, what are some easy examples to explain the use of L? I can't seem to grasp this explanation above. Any help will be highly appreciated. Thanks.
Solution 1:
.htaccess flag list
- C (chained with next rule)
- CO=cookie (set specified cookie)
- E=var:value (set environment variable var to value)
- F (forbidden - sends a 403 header to the user)
- G (gone - no longer exists)
- H=handler (set handler)
- L (last - stop processing rules)
Last rule: instructs the server to stop rewriting after the preceding directive is processed.
- N (next - continue processing rules)
- NC (case insensitive)
- NE (do not escape special URL characters in output)
- NS (ignore this rule if the request is a subrequest)
- P (proxy - i.e., apache should grab the remote content specified in the substitution section and return it)
- PT (pass through - use when processing URLs with additional handlers, e.g., mod_alias)
- R (temporary redirect to new URL)
- R=301 (permanent redirect to new URL)
- QSA (append query string from request to substituted URL)
- S=x (skip next x rules)
- T=mime-type (force specified mime type)
Flags are added to the end of a rewrite rule to tell Apache how to interpret and handle the rule. They can be used to tell apache to treat the rule as case-insensitive, to stop processing rules if the current one matches, or a variety of other options. They are comma-separated, and contained in square brackets.
Solution 2:
The QSA flag means to append an existing query string after the URI has been rewritten. Example:
URL=http://example.com/foo/bar?q=blah
Rule:
RewriteRule ^foo/(.*)$ /index.php?b=$1
Result=/index.php?b=bar
Notice how the q=blah is gone. Because the existing query string is dropped in favor of the one in the rule's target, (b=$1). Now if you include a QSA flag:
RewriteRule ^foo/(.*)$ /index.php?b=$1 [QSA]
The result becomes=/index.php?b=bar&q=blah
The L flag simply means to stop applying any rules that follow. Given the same URL, http://example.com/foo/bar?q=blah, and given the rules:
RewriteRule ^foo -
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/bar.php
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /bar.php?z=$1
The first rule gets applied and the URI gets passed through unchanged (via the - target). The rewrite engine then processes the next rule, and the URI gets rewritten to /bar.php?z=foo/bar. What happens when you add an L to the end:
RewriteRule ^foo - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/bar.php
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /bar.php?z=$1
The URL http://example.com/foo/bar gets passed through untouched from the first rule, then stops because of the L flag. If the URL is http://example.com/something/else then the first rule doesn't match and the second rule gets applied, rewriting the URI to: /bar.php?z=something/else
Note that since the rewrite engine loops through all the rules until the URI stops changing, the L flag will not prevent the looping, only any further rules from getting applied in the current iteration.