Authenticate http requests EXCEPT for from this IP

"satisfy any" is indeed what you need to use. There is a good example on the Apache wiki. To quote directly from that source:

<Directory /home/www/site1/private>
  AuthUserFile /home/www/site1-passwd
  AuthType Basic
  AuthName MySite
  Require valid-user
  Order allow,deny
  Allow from 172.17.10
  Satisfy any
</Directory>