Tab Vs Space preferences in Vim

Vim is very accommodating when it comes to tab Vs. space preferences. As I understand it, the tabstop setting indicates the width of a tab character. The shiftwidth setting specifies how many columns to increment/decrement when using the << and >> commands, whereas the softtabstop setting influences the amount of whitespace to be inserted when you press the Tab key in insert mode. If expandtab is on, the tab key inserts softtabstop number of space characters. Whereas with expandtab switched off, pressing the Tab key inserts a the smallest possible number of tab+space characters that matches softtabstop. (Please correct me if I'm wrong.)

This final point makes me wonder: is there a practical case where you wouldn't want shiftwidth == tabstop && tabstop == softtabstop? I can't think of one. As far as I am concerned, it would be most convenient if I could set all 3 of these to the same value, in one single assignment. e.g. calling:

:set stab=4

which would be equivalent to running:

:set tabstop=4 softtabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 

Can anyone suggest how this could be done?

UPDATE

Thanks for the replies so far from too much php, hobbs and kaiser.se. Rather than reply to each individually, I'm updating the question here.

Softtabstop with expandtab switched off

I said above that with expandtab switched off, pressing the Tab key inserts a the smallest possible number of tab+space characters that matches softtabstop. I stand by that, but I think I need to explain what I meant. I shall attempt to do so by way of a few examples. To follow along, run :set list so that you can see tab characters.

tabstop=4 softtabstop=2 shiftwidth=4 noexpandtab

In insert mode, pressing the tab key inserts 2 space characters. Press the tab key a second time, and instead of inserting two more space characters (for a total of 4 space characters) it replaces the previous 2 spaces with a single tab character. Tabstop is set to 4, so a single tab character has the same width as 4 spaces.

tabstop=4 softtabstop=6 shiftwidth=4 noexpandtab

In insert mode, pressing the tab key inserts 1 tab character plus 2 spaces. The tab character has a width of 4, so the total width is 6, and this is achieved using 3 characters. Pressing the tab key a second time inserts two tab characters, and removes the two spaces that were inserted previously. The total width is 12, and this is achieved using 3 characters.

In both of these examples, Vim inserts the minimum possible number of tab+space characters that matches softtabstop.

If I am working with expandtab switched off, I can't see myself wanting the extra granular control that can be achieved by setting softtabstop to a different value from tabstop. It would still be useful for me to be able to set tabstop, softtabstop and shiftwidth to the same value with a single command.

Does expandtab make softtabstop redundant?

tabstop=4 softtabstop=0 shiftwidth=4 expandtab

In insert mode, pressing the tab key inserts 4 spaces. Pressing the delete key deletes a single space - so you have to backspace 4 times if you hit the tab key by accident.

tabstop=4 softtabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 expandtab

In insert mode, pressing the tab key inserts 4 spaces. Pressing the backspace key deletes 4 spaces.

If I am working with expandtab switched on, I would prefer the delete key to remove the same amount of whitespace as the tab key inserts. So in this case, too, I feel that it would be useful to be able to assign the same value to tabstop, softtabstop and shiftwidth simultaneously.

A shortcut would still be useful

It's great that Vim provides so much flexibility, but I can't see myself needing it. I just want to be able to choose the width of a tab, and whether it is a 'hard' tab (using a tab character) or a 'soft' tab (made up of spaces). Toggling between hard and soft tabs is easy enough (:set expandtab!), but I wish it was more straightforward to set the width of tab, without having to fiddle with 3 different parameters.

So my proposed suggestion for something like :set stab=4 still sounds good to me.

Solution 1:

Creating a stab option in Vim itself would not be easy, but I've whipped up this command/function that you can drop in your .vimrc (or a plugin file if you're super-organized). Use :Stab and you will be prompted for an indent level and whether or not to use expandtab. If you hit enter without giving it a new indent level, it will just print the current settings.

" put all this in your .vimrc or a plugin file
command! -nargs=* Stab call Stab()
function! Stab()
  let l:tabstop = 1 * input('set shiftwidth=')

  if l:tabstop > 0
    " do we want expandtab as well?
    let l:expandtab = confirm('set expandtab?', "&Yes\n&No\n&Cancel")
    if l:expandtab == 3
      " abort?
      return
    endif

    let &l:sts = l:tabstop
    let &l:ts = l:tabstop
    let &l:sw = l:tabstop

    if l:expandtab == 1
      setlocal expandtab
    else
      setlocal noexpandtab
    endif
  endif

  " show the selected options
  try
    echohl ModeMsg
    echon 'set tabstop='
    echohl Question
    echon &l:ts
    echohl ModeMsg
    echon ' shiftwidth='
    echohl Question
    echon &l:sw
    echohl ModeMsg
    echon ' sts='
    echohl Question
    echon &l:sts . ' ' . (&l:et ? '  ' : 'no')
    echohl ModeMsg
    echon 'expandtab'
  finally
    echohl None
  endtry
endfunction

Solution 2:

This is my first attempt at writing VimScript, but here goes:

function! Stab(value)
    let &shiftwidth  = a:value
    let &softtabstop = a:value
    let &tabstop     = a:value
endfunc

If I put this in my .vimrc file, I can call it by running :call Stab(X), where X is the desired tab width. This is an adequate solution for now, but if anyone can suggest a way of making it easier to call I would be grateful.

I've also created a function that quickly summarizes the current settings, which I have mapped to ctrl-Tab:

nmap <C-Tab> :call TabParams()<CR>
function! TabParams()
    echo "tabstop:     ".&tabstop
    echo "shiftwidth:  ".&shiftwidth
    echo "softtabstop: ".&softtabstop
endfunc

Well, I put up a 100 point bounty for this answer, and now I've half solved it myself. Not sure if I can accept my own answer...

Solution 3:

You can in edit mode also use Ctrl-T to indent and Ctrl-D to deindent to the next indentation level as set by shiftwidth, regardless of the tabstop, softtabstop or expandtab settings. Vim will automatically add/remove spaces or tabs to bring you to the right column.

If you use these commands to control indentation instead of Tab/Backspace you don't have to worry about all these tab settings fitting together and always get to the correct indentation level.

Solution 4:

If expandtab is set then (as too much php points out), softtabstop becomes redundant. The only reason you might set shiftwidth differently from tabstop would be to cater to an odd habit; for instance, you use four-space indents but you prefer tab to insert eight spaces.

If expandtab is unset then things get fuzzier. If you want your code to look the same in with cat and non-vim editors as it does in vim, then tabstop should always be set at 8; in this case you would set softtabstop and shiftwidth both to your preferred indent level. If you instead prefer that every "physical tab" in the file represents one indent level, you would set tabstop and shiftwidth to your preferred indent level and leave softtabstop at zero (setting it equal to tabstop is equivalent except that if you change tabstop it will get out of sync, while zero just means "ignore this please").