Are there Karma thresholds on Launchpad for gaining access to certain features
Solution 1:
No, Launchpad karma has no bearing on what you can access.
The "Triaged" and "Won't Fix" bug statuses are reserved to the role called the "bug supervisor" for each project or distribution. For Ubuntu, this is the Ubuntu Bugs team (actually, effectively, the Ubuntu Bug Control team), which you have to be part of in order to set the statuses in question.
You can join Ubuntu Bug Control once you've spent some time triaging bugs and have familiarized yourself with the various triage procedures.