Can I remote login to Microsoft's Windows with the command line?
Yes your Gnu/Linux machine will be more than happy to do this. You just need to run a ssh server on the Microsoft Windows machine, with an appropriate shell.
I know that this can be done for bash on MS-Windows: using WSL (A Gnu/Linux sub-system for MS-Windows, but without the Linux ), Cygwin, or Mingu.
Microsoft has more info on setting up ssh server, for both cmd, and power-shell.