Make Outlook look like Thunderbird?
If you're using Outlook 2016 or something close to it:
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In the ribbon's "View" tab, select "Reading Pane → Bottom" (or Off if you like). This will automatically switch the message list to a more traditional single-line view.
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In the same "View" tab, select "Message Preview → Off".
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Optionally, click "View Settings → Other Settings" to disable grouping by date and hide grid lines between messages.
(You'll also find an option there which re-enables the compact message list if the window is too narrow; you can disable it and select "Always use single-line layout".)
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Click "Change View → Apply Current View to Other Mail Folders" to make the settings global. (Note that some settings, such as message previews, are global on their own.)
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Optionally, double-click any ribbon tab title to collapse the ribbon.
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Edit: Oh, and choose the "Folders" view in the bottom-left switcher, so that you get something resembling folder icons instead of the boring text-only list.