A problem about a sequence and prime factorization
This is a result of Thue. For much stronger information, see the 1973 paper "On integers with many small prime factors" (Tijdeman, Compositio Mathematica).
This is not quite an answer but possibly a push in the right direction. I remembered the following beautiful idea to show that the reciprocal sum of $a_i$ must be finite:
Recall by Euler's product formula that $\prod_{i=1}^\infty \left(1-\frac{1}{q_i}\right)^{-1}=1+1/2+1/3+\ldots=\infty$ where $q_i$ is the $i'th$ prime. Notice that for your problem you have just $p_1,\ldots,p_k$. Then,
$S:=\prod_{i=1}^k\left(1-\frac{1}{p_i}\right)^{-1}$ is the sum of the reciprocals of all numbers whose factors are $p_1,\ldots,p_k$. Notice that unlike the full Euler product, $S<\infty$. Then
$\sum_{i=1}^\infty \frac{1}{a_i}\leq \prod_{i=1}^k\left(1-\frac{1}{p_i}\right)^{-1} <\infty$
Hence the sum of reciprocals of $a_i$ converges. So by the ratio test, we must have that $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \frac{a_{n}}{a_{n+1}}\leq 1$. In fact this result is inherently obvious since $a_n\leq a_{n+1}$ in the first place but, the point is thinking about it in terms of a sum may be useful.
Now, suppose there exists $c\geq 1$ with $a_{n+1}-a_n>c$ for all $n$. Then, rearranging this and using the fact that $a_n$ is strictly increasing gives
$1>\frac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}>1-\frac{c}{a_{n+1}}$
The problem is that we would like to conclude with a contradiction that $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \frac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}>1$ but, we actually get $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \frac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}=1$ and the equality at 1 gives us an indeterminate result from the ratio test. Perhaps someone more clever than me can show that $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} a_{n}/a_{n+1}<1$ which would imply the stronger result by taking the limit along a subsequence $n_i$ for which $a_{n_{i+1}}-a_{n_i}> c$. My initial hope was to try and show the sum must diverge if the limit is 1.