Idiom for trying and failing, falling short and being disapproved
In one of my native tongues, there's an idiomatic expression, the semi-literal translation of which is "the 'being close' of yours won't shoot the hare". In another, there's something along the lines of "one can't strike down a bird with an 'almost'".
Both expressions are used to comment on someone's failure followed by a presentation of an excuse aiming to explain said failure as being so close to a success that it might as well be regarded as the such.
Expressing disapproval by the observers can then be carried out by pointing out that being close to success or almost succeeding isn't actually being successful.
I.e. one doesn't get the hare by shooting close to it and one doesn't get the bird by almost striking it down. The animals will most likely take off and the only thing one sees is their butts decreasing in size.
Correspondingly, getting a score of 499, when the number required to pass is 500 or more, can be seen as being close to a success but still, strictly regarded, admitting the examinee to the same group as other failures. If such person tries to point out that they were really, really close to passing, a disapproving recipient could point out that they'll still have to retake the exam, independently of how close to a success they were (c.f. by how little they have failed).
What is the idiomatic way to express that in English, if such exists?
As far as idioms or colloquial expressions go, here are some to consider:
Close, but no cigar. Described in Phrase Finder as to fall just short of a successful outcome and receiving nothing for your efforts.
Almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades. This expression, which should be self-explanatory, is used in response to someone who claims credit for their effort in almost attaining a goal, but falling short and missing.
Second place is the first loser. (Or second place is first place for losers.) This seems to have come into use more recently, and is associated with Tiger Moms who insist that their children must win any competition and they actually will browbeat their children for anything less.
In English, it would be "A miss is as good as a mile". Which doesn't make sense when you think about it..
This means that almost succeeding is the same as actually failing.
miss is as good as a mile Prov. Almost having done something is the same as not having done it at all, since in both cases the thing does not get done. We only missed the train by one minute? Well, a miss is as good as a mile. See also: good, mile, miss
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/miss+is+as+good+as+a+mile
There is also Winning isn't everything; it's the only thing, attributed to UCLA Bruins football coach Henry Russell ("Red") Sanders.
Also Do... or do not. There is no try, according to Yoda.
And for the language scholars, there is The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and a lightning bug, according to Mark Twain.