Calling startIntentSenderForResult from Fragment (Android Billing v3)

I suggest two solutions:

1.) Put the IabHelper mHelper on the activity and call the IabHelper from the fragment.

Something like:

To use this solution, Declare IabHelper as public in the activity and use a method to call the launcher from the Fragment.

public class MyActivity extends Activity{

    public IabHelper mHelper

    public purchaseLauncher(){

    mHelper.launchPurchaseFlow(this, SKU_GAS, 10001,   
         mPurchaseFinishedListener, "bGoa+V7g/yqDXvKRqq+JTFn4uQZbPiQJo4pf9RzJ");

   }

    /*The finished, query and consume listeners should also be implemented in here*/
}

public class FragmentActivity extends Fragment{

      MyActivity myAct = (MyActivity) getActivity();

      myAct.purchaseLauncher();

}

2.) In onActivityResult, call the appropriate fragment that contains the IabHelper object. Appropriate fragment can have an access method to the helper object.

protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode,Intent data)    
{
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
    Fragment fragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("YourTag");       
    if (fragment != null)
    {
        ((MyFragmentWithIabHelper)fragment).onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode,data);
    } 
}

1) You should modify your resultCode (RC_REQUEST) to put fragment index to it.

int rc_reqest = RC_REQUEST +  ((getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments().indexOf(this)+1)<<16)  ;      
mHelper.launchPurchaseFlow(getActivity(), sku, rc_reqest ,mPurchaseFinishedListener, payload);

2) in IabHelper.launchPurchaseFlow(...)

change mRequestCode = requestCode

to

mRequestCode = requestCode&0xffff;

From SDK 24 and above, there is a startIntentSenderForResult method available in support Fragment also, which works as intended. Note that there is an additional Bundle parameter, which can be passed as null. Thus, final code will be:

startIntentSenderForResult(pendingIntent.getIntentSender(),
    1001, new Intent(), Integer.valueOf(0), Integer.valueOf(0),
    Integer.valueOf(0), null);

Of course, for API 23 and below, we will still need to use the tricks described in other answers.

Regarding LEO's very helpful 2nd solution above:

If Google ever fixes the issue with startIntentSenderForResult and it now correctly routes the onActivityResult call to the fragment, then this solution should be future-proofed so that the fragment's onActivityResult doesn't get called twice.

I would like to propose the following modified solution proposed by LEO.

In the Fragment's parent Activity implementation:

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
{
    boolean handled = false;

    // The following is a hack to ensure that the InAppPurchasesFragment receives
    // its onActivityResult call.
    //
    // For more information on this issue, read here:
    //
    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14131171/calling-startintentsenderforresult-from-fragment-android-billing-v3
    //
    // Note: If Google ever fixes the issue with startIntentSenderForResult() and
    // starts forwarding on the onActivityResult to the fragment automatically, we
    // should future-proof this code so it will still work.
    //
    // If we don't do anything and always call super.onActivityResult, we risk 
    // having the billing fragment's onActivityResult called more than once for
    // the same result.
    //
    // To accomplish this, we create a method called checkIabHelperHandleActivityResult
    // in the billing fragment that returns a boolean indicating whether the result was 
    // handled or not.  We would just call Fragment's onActivityResult method, except 
    // its return value is void.
    //
    // Then call this new method in the billing fragment here and only call 
    // super.onActivityResult if the billing fragment didn't handle it.

    if (inAppPurchasesFragment != null)
    {
        handled = inAppPurchasesFragment.checkIabHelperHandleActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }

    if (!handled)
    {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }
}

Then in your IAB Fragment's implementation:

/**
 * Allow the IabHelper to process an onActivityResult if it can
 * 
 * @param requestCode The request code
 * @param resultCode The result code
 * @param data The data
 * 
 * @return true if the IABHelper handled the result, else false
 */

public boolean checkIabHelperHandleActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
{
    return (iabHelper != null) && iabHelper.handleActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}

@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
{
    if (!checkIabHelperHandleActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data))
    {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }
}