Detach a tab in a fullscreen window in Chrome
I'd been idly wondering about this for a month or two as well. The answer is no, but there is an extension that can enable a keyboard shortcut that does the same thing. Here's a link to the Google Product Forums topic that helped me, too. I haven't tested this extension myself, but the user who posted on Google Forums did.
We have a Fix for this!
In Chrome Version 52 beta we can now enable a new Flag to detach a Tab in a Fullscreen Window on Mac. Without Workarounds or extensions!
The Flag: chrome://flags/#enable-fullscreen-in-tab-detaching
And here the Bug-Report with Status Fixed: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=507942