How to check if internet connection is present in Java?

How do you check if you can connect to the internet via java? One way would be:

final URL url = new URL("http://www.google.com");
final URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
... if we got here, we should have net ...

But is there something more appropriate to perform that task, especially if you need to do consecutive checks very often and a loss of internet connection is highly probable?

Solution 1:

You should connect to the place that your actual application needs. Otherwise you're testing whether you have a connection to somewhere irrelevant (Google in this case).

In particular, if you're trying to talk to a web service, and if you're in control of the web service, it would be a good idea to have some sort of cheap "get the status" web method. That way you have a much better idea of whether your "real" call is likely to work.

In other cases, just opening a connection to a port that should be open may be enough - or sending a ping. InetAddress.isReachable may well be an appropriate API for your needs here.

Solution 2:

The code you basically provided, plus a call to connect should be sufficient. So yeah, it could be that just Google's not available but some other site you need to contact is on but how likely is that? Also, this code should only execute when you actually fail to access your external resource (in a catch block to try and figure out what the cause of the failure was) so I'd say that if both your external resource of interest and Google are not available chances are you have a net connectivity problem.

private static boolean netIsAvailable() {
    try {
        final URL url = new URL("http://www.google.com");
        final URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
        conn.connect();
        conn.getInputStream().close();
        return true;
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        return false;
    }
}

Solution 3:

People have suggested using INetAddress.isReachable. The problem is that some sites configure their firewalls to block ICMP Ping messages. So a "ping" might fail even though the web service is accessible.

And of course, the reverse is true as well. A host may respond to a ping even though the webserver is down.

And of course, a machine may be unable to connect directly to certain (or all) web servers due to local firewall restrictions.

The fundamental problem is that "can connect to the internet" is an ill-defined question, and this kind of thing is difficult to test without:

1. information on the user's machine and "local" networking environment, and
2. information on what the app needs to access.

So generally, the simplest solution is for an app to just try to access whatever it needs to access, and fall back on human intelligence to do the diagnosis.

Solution 4:

If you're on java 6 can use NetworkInterface to check for available network interfaces. I.e. something like this:

Enumeration<NetworkInterface> interfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
while (interfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
  NetworkInterface interf = interfaces.nextElement();
  if (interf.isUp() && !interf.isLoopback())
    return true;
}

Haven't tried it myself, yet.

Solution 5:

This code should do the job reliably.

Note that when using the try-with-resources statement we don't need to close the resources.

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class InternetAvailabilityChecker
{
    public static boolean isInternetAvailable() throws IOException
    {
        return isHostAvailable("google.com") || isHostAvailable("amazon.com")
                || isHostAvailable("facebook.com")|| isHostAvailable("apple.com");
    }

    private static boolean isHostAvailable(String hostName) throws IOException
    {
        try(Socket socket = new Socket())
        {
            int port = 80;
            InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(hostName, port);
            socket.connect(socketAddress, 3000);

            return true;
        }
        catch(UnknownHostException unknownHost)
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
}