Bash Script : what does #!/bin/bash mean? [duplicate]
In bash script, what does #!/bin/bash at the 1st line mean ?
UPDATE: Is there a difference between #!/bin/bash and #!/bin/sh ?
Solution 1:
That is called a shebang, it tells the shell what program to interpret the script with, when executed.
In your example, the script is to be interpreted and run by the bash shell.
Some other example shebangs are:
(From Wikipedia)
#!/bin/sh — Execute the file using sh, the Bourne shell, or a compatible shell
#!/bin/csh — Execute the file using csh, the C shell, or a compatible shell
#!/usr/bin/perl -T — Execute using Perl with the option for taint checks
#!/usr/bin/php — Execute the file using the PHP command line interpreter
#!/usr/bin/python -O — Execute using Python with optimizations to code
#!/usr/bin/ruby — Execute using Ruby
and a few additional ones I can think off the top of my head, such as:
#!/bin/ksh
#!/bin/awk
#!/bin/expect
In a script with the bash shebang, for example, you would write your code with bash syntax; whereas in a script with expect shebang, you would code it in expect syntax, and so on.
Response to updated portion:
It depends on what /bin/sh actually points to on your system. Often it is just a symlink to /bin/bash. Sometimes portable scripts are written with #!/bin/sh just to signify that it's a shell script, but it uses whichever shell is referred to by /bin/sh on that particular system (maybe it points to /bin/bash, /bin/ksh or /bin/zsh)
Solution 2:
In bash script, what does #!/bin/bash at the 1st line mean ?
In Linux system, we have shell which interprets our UNIX commands. Now there are a number of shell in Unix system. Among them, there is a shell called bash which is very very common Linux and it has a long history. This is a by default shell in Linux.
When you write a script (collection of unix commands and so on) you have a option to specify which shell it can be used. Generally you can specify which shell it wold be by using Shebang(Yes that's what it's name).
So if you #!/bin/bash in the top of your scripts then you are telling your system to use bash as a default shell.
Now coming to your second question :Is there a difference between #!/bin/bash and #!/bin/sh ?
The answer is Yes. When you tell #!/bin/bash then you are telling your environment/ os to use bash as a command interpreter. This is hard coded thing.
Every system has its own shell which the system will use to execute its own system scripts. This system shell can be vary from OS to OS(most of the time it will be bash. Ubuntu recently using dash as default system shell). When you specify #!/bin/sh then system will use it's internal system shell to interpreting your shell scripts.
Visit this link for further information where I have explained this topic.
Hope this will eliminate your confusions...good luck.