jQuery Mind Map/Think Map
I decided to port the one you found into a jQuery plugin, which can be found LINK REMOVED - SEE EDIT. It was written up in about 2 hours last night, so is probably riddled with bugs. If you find any bugs, feel free to email me at the email listed in my StackOverflow profile.
Edit: I've contacted the author of the original Mindmap, and my jQuery conversion has become the core of development. You can get it, as well as speed improvements and new functionality here, on the Github page.
I think you should try http://thejit.org/
I use it all the time and is perfect for my needs.
There's also arbor.js, much newer then the ones cited in other answers. It implements the force directed algorithm for layout, similar to js-mindmap that you cited, but with better performance since it uses webworkers. The actual rendering is left for you, so you can use jquery or whatever you prefer.
Also, if you decide to write your own implementation, a good visualization library is d3.js.