App Launcher Icons doesn't show after System update to 21.10 which upgraded Gnome to 40

After this upgrade, you may benefit from resetting the layout of the application overview to the default. You can do so with the following command.

gsettings reset org.gnome.shell app-picker-layout

After this, the Application overview will populate with the default icons in the default order.

Note that as of Gnome 40 icons on the Dash do not anymore appear on the pages, i.e. each application icon exists only once, either on the pages, on the dash (which also functions as the dock in Ubuntu), or in a group (e.g. Utilities). You can drag the icons around to customize the view.