How do I install Ubuntu 21.10 in WSL on Windows 11?

Solution 1:

Please note that this answer is valid and tested on the released version of Ubuntu 20.04 only. As @GavinRay has reported in a separate answer, there are issues with this process on the Ubuntu Community Preview for WSL (currently using 21.04). Please see Gavin's answer for a solution there.

Ubuntu only provides (and tests) LTS releases for direct download and installation on WSL.

You can install the base "Ubuntu" distribution (which is currently 20.04) and then upgrade it to 21.10 with a slight variation on the normal mechanism:

• sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade to make sure the existing release is up-to-date.

• sudo apt remove snapd -- Needed because WSL doesn't support Systemd directly

• Sudo edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and change the last line to:

  prompt=normal
  

• sudo do-release-upgrade to upgrade to Hirsute/21.04

• Recommended: Exit WSL, execute wsl --terminate Ubuntu from PowerShell or CMD, and restart WSL/Ubuntu.

• Repeat sudo do-release-upgrade to upgrade to Impish/21.10

• Recommended: sudo apt purge needrestart to get rid of unnecessary checks after installing any package.

Again, this is not a scenario that Canonical seems to necessarily test, but people have been doing it for a while (as well as installing many other different distributions).

After upgrading, I do recommend creating a backup image. This can be used to create new, clean 21.10 installations in the future if you need to try something out without impacting your normal one.

wsl --export Ubuntu Ubuntu2110_fresh_install.tar

Create new installations from it by creating a directory, and:

wsl --import Ubuntu2110Test <directory> Ubuntu2210_fresh_install.tar

I personally just go ahead and create a new installation automatically. It has the advantage of:

• Letting me name the installation what I want (e.g. 'Ubuntu-21.10`)
• Placing it somewhere other than under %userprofile%\Local\AppData\Packages

Solution 2:

Warning - On the Community Preview version of Ubuntu (currently 21.04), the process described by @NotTheDr01ds's answer results in a "nearly bricked" WSL instance.

After the upgrade completes and you exit Ubuntu, relaunching it results in a No schemas installed error. It then exits immediately, making it extremely difficult to troubleshoot the issue.

This happened when trying to launch Ubuntu Community Preview either from Windows Terminal or the Start menu shortcut.

Fortunately, you can still launch via wsl bash. (Side note: This is because running bash this way does not result in a login shell, so the "problem script" in /etc/profile.d/wsl-integration.sh does not run.)

This very cryptic error turned out to be related to something called gsettings.

After starting via wsl bash, I was able to resolve it by running sudo apt install gsettings-desktop-schemas. Ubuntu now starts normally.

I reported this on the WSL Github as well.

Also see the LaunchPad issue reported to the Canonical/Ubuntu WSL team.