What does the “sd” in “/dev/sdX” stand for?

You are correct. sd* means SCSI Disk. Dell has a full glossary available in multiple languages, and this is a page I generally send people to when they have questions about the Linux device naming convention.

In addition to sd*, there are:

  • dev/fd* - Floppy drives
  • dev/scd* or /dev/sr* - SCSI CD-ROMs
  • dev/hd* - IDE drives
  • dev/mmcblk* - SDHC card on PCMCIA