Why GDB jumps unpredictably between lines and prints variables as "<value optimized out>"?

Can anyone explain this behavior of gdb?

900         memset(&new_ckpt_info,'\0',sizeof(CKPT_INFO));
(gdb)
**903         prev_offset   = cp_node->offset;**
(gdb)
**905         m_CPND_CKPTINFO_READ(ckpt_info,(char *)cb->shm_addr.ckpt_addr+sizeof(CKPT_** HDR),i_offset);
(gdb)
**903         prev_offset   = cp_node->offset;**
(gdb)
**905         m_CPND_CKPTINFO_READ(ckpt_info,(char *)cb->shm_addr.ckpt_addr+sizeof(CKPT_ HDR),i_offset);**
(gdb)
**908         bitmap_offset  = client_hdl/32;**
(gdb)
**910         bitmap_value = cpnd_client_bitmap_set(client_hdl%32);**
(gdb)
**908         bitmap_offset  = client_hdl/32;**
(gdb)
**910         bitmap_value = cpnd_client_bitmap_set(client_hdl%32);**
(gdb)
**908         bitmap_offset  = client_hdl/32;**
(gdb)
**910         bitmap_value = cpnd_client_bitmap_set(client_hdl%32);**
(gdb)
913         found = cpnd_find_exact_ckptinfo(cb , &ckpt_info , bitmap_offset , &offset , &prev_offset);
(gdb)
916         if(!found)
(gdb) p found
$1 = <value optimized out>
(gdb) set found=0
Left operand of assignment is not an lvalue.

Why after executing line 903 it again executes the same for 905 908 910?

Another things is found is a bool-type variable, so why it is showing value optimized out? I am not able to set the value of found as well.

This seems to be a compiler optimization (in this case its -O2); how can I still set the value of found?

To debug optimized code, learn assembly/machine language.

Use the GDB TUI mode. My copy of GDB enables it when I type the minus and Enter. Then type C-x 2 (that is hold down Control and press X, release both and then press 2). That will put it into split source and disassembly display. Then use stepi and nexti to move one machine instruction at a time. Use C-x o to switch between the TUI windows.

Download a PDF about your CPU's machine language and the function calling conventions. You will quickly learn to recognize what is being done with function arguments and return values.

You can display the value of a register by using a GDB command like p $eax

Recompile without optimizations (-O0 on gcc).

Declare found as "volatile". This should tell the compiler to NOT optimize it out.

volatile int found = 0;

The compiler will start doing very clever things with optimisations turned on. The debugger will show the code jumping forward and backwards alot due to the optimized way variables are stored in registers. This is probably the reason why you can't set your variable (or in some cases see its value) as it has been cleverly distributed between registers for speed, rather than having a direct memory location that the debugger can access.

Compile without optimisations?

You pretty much can't set the value of found. Debugging optimized programs is rarely worth the trouble, the compiler can rearrange the code in ways that it'll in no way correspond to the source code (other than producing the same result), thus confusing debuggers to no end.