Android 4.2: back stack behaviour with nested fragments

This solution may be better version of @Sean answer:

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    // if there is a fragment and the back stack of this fragment is not empty,
    // then emulate 'onBackPressed' behaviour, because in default, it is not working
    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    for (Fragment frag : fm.getFragments()) {
        if (frag.isVisible()) {
            FragmentManager childFm = frag.getChildFragmentManager();
            if (childFm.getBackStackEntryCount() > 0) {
                childFm.popBackStack();
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    super.onBackPressed();
}

Again, I prepared this solution based on @Sean answer above.

As @AZ13 said, this solution is only feasible in one level child fragments situations. In multiple level fragments case, works become a little complex, so I recommend that try this solution only the feasible case I have said. =)

Note: Since getFragments method is now a private method, this solution will not work. You can check comments for a link which suggests a solution about this situation.

Seems like a bug. Take a look at: http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=40323

For a workaround I've used successfully (as suggested in comments):

    @Override
public void onBackPressed() {

    // If the fragment exists and has some back-stack entry
    if (mActivityDirectFragment != null && mActivityDirectFragment.getChildFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() > 0){
        // Get the fragment fragment manager - and pop the backstack
        mActivityDirectFragment.getChildFragmentManager().popBackStack();
    }
    // Else, nothing in the direct fragment back stack
    else{
        // Let super handle the back press
        super.onBackPressed();          
    }
}

The real answer to this question is in the Fragment Transaction's function called setPrimaryNavigationFragment.

/**
 * Set a currently active fragment in this FragmentManager as the primary navigation fragment.
 *
 * <p>The primary navigation fragment's
 * {@link Fragment#getChildFragmentManager() child FragmentManager} will be called first
 * to process delegated navigation actions such as {@link FragmentManager#popBackStack()}
 * if no ID or transaction name is provided to pop to. Navigation operations outside of the
 * fragment system may choose to delegate those actions to the primary navigation fragment
 * as returned by {@link FragmentManager#getPrimaryNavigationFragment()}.</p>
 *
 * <p>The fragment provided must currently be added to the FragmentManager to be set as
 * a primary navigation fragment, or previously added as part of this transaction.</p>
 *
 * @param fragment the fragment to set as the primary navigation fragment
 * @return the same FragmentTransaction instance
 */
public abstract FragmentTransaction setPrimaryNavigationFragment(Fragment fragment);

You have to set this function on the initial parent fragment when the activity is adding it. I have a replaceFragment function inside of my activity that looks like this:

public void replaceFragment(int containerId, BaseFragment fragment, boolean addToBackstack) {
    FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
    fragmentTransaction.setPrimaryNavigationFragment(fragment);
    if (addToBackstack) {
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(fragment.TAG);
    }

    fragmentTransaction.replace(containerId, fragment).commit();
}

This gives you the same behavior as if your clicking back from regular Fragment B back to Fragment A, except now it is on the child fragments as well!

This solution may be better version of @ismailarilik answer:

Nested Fragment version

private boolean onBackPressed(FragmentManager fm) {
    if (fm != null) {
        if (fm.getBackStackEntryCount() > 0) {
            fm.popBackStack();
            return true;
        }

        List<Fragment> fragList = fm.getFragments();
        if (fragList != null && fragList.size() > 0) {
            for (Fragment frag : fragList) {
                if (frag == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (frag.isVisible()) {
                    if (onBackPressed(frag.getChildFragmentManager())) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    if (onBackPressed(fm)) {
        return;
    }
    super.onBackPressed();
}

With this answer it will handle recursive back checking and give each fragment the chance to override the default behaviour. This means you can have a fragment that hosts a ViewPager do something special like scroll to the page that as a back-stack, or scroll to the home page and then on the next back press exit.

Add this to your Activity that extends AppCompatActivity.

@Override
public void onBackPressed()
{
    if(!BaseFragment.handleBackPressed(getSupportFragmentManager())){
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}

Add this to your BaseFragment or the class you can have all your fragments inherit from.

public static boolean handleBackPressed(FragmentManager fm)
{
    if(fm.getFragments() != null){
        for(Fragment frag : fm.getFragments()){
            if(frag != null && frag.isVisible() && frag instanceof BaseFragment){
                if(((BaseFragment)frag).onBackPressed()){
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

protected boolean onBackPressed()
{
    FragmentManager fm = getChildFragmentManager();
    if(handleBackPressed(fm)){
        return true;
    }
    else if(getUserVisibleHint() && fm.getBackStackEntryCount() > 0){
        fm.popBackStack();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}