Equivalent command for --upgradable in apt-get

Solution 1:

At least in Ubuntu 18.04 it's

apt-get --just-print upgrade

which gives, for example

me@mypc:~$  apt-get --just-print upgrade
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
      apt-get needs root privileges for real execution.
      Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
      so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  linux-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04
The following packages will be upgraded:
  google-chrome-stable libnss-systemd libpam-systemd libsystemd0 libudev1 linux-libc-dev systemd
  systemd-sysv udev
9 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Inst libnss-systemd [237-3ubuntu10.45] (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64]) []
Inst libsystemd0 [237-3ubuntu10.45] (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64]) [systemd:amd64 ]
Conf libsystemd0 (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64]) [systemd:amd64 ]
Inst libpam-systemd [237-3ubuntu10.45] (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64]) [systemd:amd64 ]
Inst systemd [237-3ubuntu10.45] (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Inst udev [237-3ubuntu10.45] (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64]) []
Inst libudev1 [237-3ubuntu10.45] (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Conf libudev1 (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Conf systemd (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Inst systemd-sysv [237-3ubuntu10.45] (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Inst google-chrome-stable [89.0.4389.128-1] (90.0.4430.72-1 Google:1.0/stable [amd64])
Inst linux-libc-dev [4.15.0-141.145] (4.15.0-142.146 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Conf libnss-systemd (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Conf libpam-systemd (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Conf udev (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Conf systemd-sysv (237-3ubuntu10.46 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates [amd64])
Conf google-chrome-stable (90.0.4430.72-1 Google:1.0/stable [amd64])
Conf linux-libc-dev (4.15.0-142.146 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])

If you use sudo some of the warnings go away.