How do you specifically order ggplot2 x axis instead of alphabetical order? [duplicate]

I'm trying to make a heatmap using ggplot2 using the geom_tiles function here is my code below:

p<-ggplot(data,aes(Treatment,organisms))+geom_tile(aes(fill=S))+
  scale_fill_gradient(low = "black",high = "red") + 
  scale_x_discrete(expand = c(0, 0)) + 
  scale_y_discrete(expand = c(0, 0)) + 
  theme(legend.position = "right", 
    axis.ticks = element_blank(), 
    axis.text.x = element_text(size = base_size, angle = 90, hjust = 0, colour = "black"),
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = base_size, hjust = 1, colour = "black")).

data is my data.csv file
my X axis is types of Treatment
my Y axis is types of organisms

I'm not too familiar with commands and programming and I'm relatively new at this. I just want to be able to specify the order of the labels on the x axis. In this case, I'm trying to specify the order of "Treatment". By default, it orders alphabetically. How do I override this/keep the data in the same order as in my original csv file?

I've tried this command

scale_x_discrete(limits=c("Y","X","Z"))

where x, y and z are my treatment condition order. It however doesn't work very well, and give me missing heat boxes.

Solution 1:

It is a little difficult to answer your specific question without a full, reproducible example. However something like this should work:

#Turn your 'treatment' column into a character vector
data$Treatment <- as.character(data$Treatment)
#Then turn it back into a factor with the levels in the correct order
data$Treatment <- factor(data$Treatment, levels=unique(data$Treatment))

In this example, the order of the factor will be the same as in the data.csv file.

If you prefer a different order, you can order them by hand:

data$Treatment <- factor(data$Treatment, levels=c("Y", "X", "Z"))

However this is dangerous if you have a lot of levels: if you get any of them wrong, that will cause problems.

Solution 2:

The accepted answer offers a solution which requires changing of the underlying data frame. This is not necessary. One can also simply factorise within the aes() call directly or create a vector for that instead.

This is certainly not much different than user Drew Steen's answer, but with the important difference of not changing the original data frame.

level_order <- c('virginica', 'versicolor', 'setosa') #this vector might be useful for other plots/analyses

ggplot(iris, aes(x = factor(Species, level = level_order), y = Petal.Width)) + geom_col()

or

level_order <- factor(iris$Species, level = c('virginica', 'versicolor', 'setosa'))

ggplot(iris, aes(x = level_order, y = Petal.Width)) + geom_col()

or
directly in the aes() call without a pre-created vector:

ggplot(iris, aes(x = factor(Species, level = c('virginica', 'versicolor', 'setosa')), y = Petal.Width)) + geom_col()