Do Papal Primacy and Consulates stack?

Solution 1:

Yes. Most things in Civ 5 stack as you'd expect them to. For instance, if you also pledged to protect the city state, your resting point would be +45.

The exception to this tends to be multiple bonuses which are the same e.g. the bonuses from two great generals wouldn't stack, the penalty from flanking can only occur once.