How do I give options to Homebrew install

As of 2 February 2019, Homebrew no longer supports options link.

So you would need to edit the install file.

brew edit tesseract

(Hopefully someone finds an easier way to accomplish this behavior. But, for now, it seems like is gone for the time being.)

brew info lists options:

$ brew info tesseract
tesseract: stable 3.02.02, HEAD
http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr/
Not installed
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/commits/master/Library/Formula/tesseract.rb
==> Dependencies
Required: libtiff, leptonica
==> Options
--all-languages
    Install recognition data for all languages
--HEAD
    install HEAD version

Like the edit to the question says, if you have already installed a package and want to install the package with different options, you have to uninstall it first.

brew options <program_package> will list all the available options to flag with the install & yes, as far as I know if you want to install with any options posthumously then you'll first need to uninstall. If you don't remember the installation "formula" you used, then, use brew info <program_package> prior to uninstalling. info will also inform you of any dependencies, but brew uninstall <program_package> will tell you the specific command to force the removal of dependencies if there are any. Lastly, prior to re-installing with brew install <program_package> <--options> it's a good idea to run brew update twice and brew doctor twice... brew prune, brew cleanup & brew missing are also not a terrible idea to run before or after install/re-installs.