Unable to access a remote computer through Remote Desktop Connection when using a Microsoft Account

I had the same with a couple machines linked to MicrosoftAccount\user from installation, remembered my previous installs started with a local account and were later linked to my Microsoft account and that worked fine.

Decided to change my Account so to sign in with a local account, tested RDP and that worked fine, decided to "re-link" my Microsoft account... tested again and it was still working without issues. Not sure exactly what causes the issue but it seems that creating a local account fixes the behavior, likely reg keys or gpedit settings not correctly configured with the Microsoft account.

Further to the above, I believe (from later found articles) that if the user signs in with the Microsoft's account password at least once rather than the PIN the issue may also be fixed. (Have confirmed this as the best fix)

https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/2047664-remote-desktop-fails-after-changed-to-microsoft-account

On my remote machine I have two accounts: I have a local administrator account and I have the MicrosoftAccount as a standard user.

To re-sync the password: logon with the local administrator account, I open the command prompt on the pc I wanted to be connected and type:

runas /u:MicrosoftAccount\[my account] cmd.exe

or

runas /u:[my account]@outlook.com cmd.exe

replacing [my account] with the actual account name of the Microsoft Account

If you recently changed your password, try with the old one, if it hasn't been synced, it'll work.

This will force the machine to re-sync the password so when you get prompted you can type the most recent password. As from that point on, RDP will recognise your new password.

I also tried the above commands while being logged on as the standard user. It looks like you can do the "runas" command for the current user, so you might not even need to use another account.

Hopefully above procedure contains enough clues so that someone can figure out what is happening and come up with a real solution

I think, at least in my case, the problem was a lack of synchronization between the password on the machine and the password of the Microsoft account.

The way I think I resolved this was as follows:

1. Change my Microsoft Account password through the Win10 interface (under the "Users" control panel)
2. Log out.
3. Log in using the password (not using a PIN or face unlock)

Step 3 seemed to be key.

This resolved password problems both with remote desktop and with the task scheduler.

For me it worked by logging in to my Microsoft Account on the target machine with the Password (not PIN) of the Microsoft Account once.

After that, I can RDP into the machine by using the credentials of the Microsoft Account without errors.