What do I need to do to view my clipboard in Windows 10?

You just need to press Win+V. Since October 2018 Update a synced clipboard has been introduced along with a history viewer

• Clipboard in Windows 10
• How to use the new clipboard on Windows 10 October 2018 Update
• How to Use the New and Improved Windows 10 Clipboard

You can also manage the clipboard directly with PowerShell. Windows 10 has built-in PowerShell 5.0 so you can run Get-Clipboard and Set-Clipboard from it

Get-Clipboard -Format Text -TextFormatType Html
Get-Clipboard -Format FileDropList
(Get-Clipboard -Format FileDropList)[0].GetType()

Alternatively you can use this script which is a GUI written in PowerShell to show the clipboard

More information can be found in my answer to How to open clipboard on Windows 7?. See also

• New Stuff - Get-Clipboard And Set-Clipboard - New In PowerShell 5.0
• Building a Clipboard History Viewer Using PowerShell