Windows 10: Windows could not prepare the computer to boot into the next phase of installation. To install windows, restart the installation
When doing a fresh install of Windows 10 I have always had to disconnect every single other efi bootable drive. If I don’t I’m stuck in an endless loop of the same error getting. What the others have told you is correct. As long as that Linux partition is visible from the installer you’re going to continue receiving that error.
If you don’t want to back up your Linux partition so you can wipe the drive and reinstall later, you’re going to need a second drive so you can at least disconnect the Linux drive.