T-SQL loop over query results

I run a query select @id=table.id from table and I need to loop over the results so I can exec a store procedure for each row exec stored_proc @varName=@id,@otherVarName='test'

How can I do this in a T-SQL script?

You could use a CURSOR in this case:

DECLARE @id INT
DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(100)
DECLARE @getid CURSOR

SET @getid = CURSOR FOR
SELECT table.id,
       table.name
FROM   table

OPEN @getid
FETCH NEXT
FROM @getid INTO @id, @name
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    EXEC stored_proc @varName=@id, @otherVarName='test', @varForName=@name
    FETCH NEXT
    FROM @getid INTO @id, @name
END

CLOSE @getid
DEALLOCATE @getid

Modified to show multiple parameters from the table.

You could do something like this:

create procedure test
as
BEGIN

    create table #ids
    (
        rn int,
        id int
    )

    insert into #ids (rn, id)
    select distinct row_number() over(order by id) as rn, id
    from table

    declare @id int
    declare @totalrows int = (select count(*) from #ids)
    declare @currentrow int = 0

    while @currentrow <  @totalrows  
    begin 
        set @id = (select id from #ids where rn = @currentrow)

        exec stored_proc @varName=@id, @otherVarName='test'

        set @currentrow = @currentrow +1
    end  

END