Determining audio level peaks with ffmpeg

The ebur128 filter provides info in terms of the Loudness Recommendation EBU R128 metric.

The astats filter can provide this info, in terms of dBs:

ffmpeg -i in.mp3 -af astats=metadata=1:reset=1,ametadata=print:key=lavfi.astats.Overall.RMS_level:file=log.txt -f null -

This produces an output like this:

frame:221  pts:226304  pts_time:4.71467
lavfi.astats.Overall.RMS_level=-67.437152
frame:222  pts:227328  pts_time:4.736  
lavfi.astats.Overall.RMS_level=-67.159036
frame:223  pts:228352  pts_time:4.75733
lavfi.astats.Overall.RMS_level=-63.862748
frame:224  pts:229376  pts_time:4.77867
lavfi.astats.Overall.RMS_level=-63.666815

If this is too fine-grained in terms of temporal resolution, increase the reset value which is the frame count for the filter's sampling frequency. For a 1-second slice, an integer approximating audio sampling rate/1000 should be used.