Can you save the civilians in Chapter 11 from the bandits?

Yes you can save the first woman, I was wondering the same thing so I restarted the checkpoint and did it faster. I managed to save her but she said nothing, just sat there weeping.

Later on I managed to save the woman with kids (which is probably scened and had to happen).

Other than that I haven't found more civilians, feel free to expand.

I can confirm that you can save all of the people who are left. As Arremer explained, you can save the first by going quickly and she will just sit there and cry (as she would cause her situation sucks).

As for the two further down the tunnel:

They can be saved if you kill all the enemies fast enough (I did it with stealth so I can't speak to other methods). The one who gets shot first if you don't save them, runs off into the death trap that is radiation after his executioner is killed. The other moves the train car out of your way, once you free him. He may not die if you don't get there in time for the first, I just never got there so I am not sure.