Is there a way to copy URLs from all open tabs in a Google Chrome (or other browser) window into an email?

Chrome, version 40 (without an extension):

NOTE: This method saves all open tabs as bookmarks in a new folder, which can then be deleted.

1. Press Ctrl + Shift + d on Windows/Linux or ⌘ + Shift + d on Mac to "Bookmark open pages".
2. Type name of folder for bookmarked pages and press Enter.
3. Press Ctrl + Shift + o on Windows/Linux or ⌥ + ⌘ + b on Mac to open "Bookmark Manager" (pictured below).
4. Select saved folder.
5. Give focus to folder contents pane.
6. Press Ctrl + a on Windows/Linux or ⌘ + a on Mac to select all bookmarks.
7. Press Ctrl + c on Windows/Linux or ⌘ + c on Mac to copy all urls (and only urls).

With Firefox, there is the CopyAllURLs add-on which does exactly that.

copies and pastes all urls of open tabs inclusive history in structured and well defined form to and from clipboard.

There is also TabCopy, which has not been mentioned yet. It has a higher rating than Copy All URLs, and offers more supported formats.

You could use Grab y'all links Chrome extension:

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/grab-yall-links/ajjloplcjllkammemhenacfjcccockde