Wine is no longer able to initialize OpenGL
Solution 1:
Alright, this pretty much forces me to answer my own question, but it turned out that the OpenGL errors are relatively harmless; Upgrading ia32-libs[1] made steam work pretty much flawless (that is, it now works as it did before these errors occured).
So, if anyone else encounters these errors, upgrade your GPU drivers, and upgrade ia32-libs.
[1]: I've stumbled upon a ia32-libs PPA, that has a more recent package of ia32-libs, that might also fix some issues with other software depending on 32bit compatibility: http://radicalbreeze.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=525
To add this PPA, just execute this in your terminal:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:micove/experimental
(experimental
because the other one does not include packages for oneiric and newer, especially pangolin).