UFW rules with NAT/masquerading
I am trying to use Ubuntu as a router of a kind by limiting a computer on my private network to what it can connect to on the internet.
The Ubuntu box has two NICs, one is internet facing (enp0s3), one is facing this single private PC (enp0s8).
To start with, I wanted to see if I could just allow DNS from the private box through the Ubuntu. I followed some instructions to add some "route allow" rules such as it results in:
ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), deny (outgoing), allow (routed)
New profiles: skip
To Action From
-- ------ ----
8.8.8.8 on enp0s3 ALLOW FWD Anywhere on enp0s8
8.8.4.4 on enp0s3 ALLOW FWD Anywhere on enp0s8
10.0.1.5 on enp0s8 ALLOW FWD Anywhere on enp0s3
10.0.1.5 is my private PC. Using Wireshark I can see DNS requests being made on both enp0s3 and enp0s8, but the ones on enp0s3 have no reply.
So after a bit more reading, I found I needed to set up NAT and masquerading, so I put the following into rules.before:
# NAT table rules
*nat
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
# Forward traffic through eth0 - Change to match you out-interface
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.1.0/24 -o enp0s3 -j MASQUERADE
# don't delete the 'COMMIT' line or these nat table rules won't
# be processed
COMMIT
This worked - but too well. Now all traffic is getting out and returned to my private PC, the default deny outgoing and the other UFW rules all seem to be bypassed.
So my question is simple - I want the private PC to get connectivity through Ubuntu such as the NAT provided, but with the outgoing restrictions as I thought I configured initially using the ufw command lines. Is there a way I get can get the UFW rules to somehow apply after the NAT does its thing?
TIA.
Here is the full before.rules file. My only change was the NAT table rules:
#
# rules.before
#
# Rules that should be run before the ufw command line added rules. Custom
# rules should be added to one of these chains:
# ufw-before-input
# ufw-before-output
# ufw-before-forward
#
# NAT table rules
*nat
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
# Forward traffic through eth0 - Change to match you out-interface
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.1.0/24 -o enp0s3 -j MASQUERADE
# don't delete the 'COMMIT' line or these nat table rules won't
# be processed
COMMIT
# Don't delete these required lines, otherwise there will be errors
*filter
:ufw-before-input - [0:0]
:ufw-before-output - [0:0]
:ufw-before-forward - [0:0]
:ufw-not-local - [0:0]
# End required lines
# allow all on loopback
-A ufw-before-input -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -o lo -j ACCEPT
# quickly process packets for which we already have a connection
-A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# drop INVALID packets (logs these in loglevel medium and higher)
-A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j ufw-logging-deny
-A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
# ok icmp codes for INPUT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
# ok icmp code for FORWARD
-A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
# allow dhcp client to work
-A ufw-before-input -p udp --sport 67 --dport 68 -j ACCEPT
#
# ufw-not-local
#
-A ufw-before-input -j ufw-not-local
# if LOCAL, RETURN
-A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j RETURN
# if MULTICAST, RETURN
-A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST -j RETURN
# if BROADCAST, RETURN
-A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type BROADCAST -j RETURN
# all other non-local packets are dropped
-A ufw-not-local -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10 -j ufw-logging-deny
-A ufw-not-local -j DROP
# allow MULTICAST mDNS for service discovery (be sure the MULTICAST line above
# is uncommented)
-A ufw-before-input -p udp -d 224.0.0.251 --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT
# allow MULTICAST UPnP for service discovery (be sure the MULTICAST line above
# is uncommented)
-A ufw-before-input -p udp -d 239.255.255.250 --dport 1900 -j ACCEPT
# don't delete the 'COMMIT' line or these rules won't be processed
COMMIT
Solution 1:
It seems that routing/forwarding rules are completely separate to normal firewall rules. I move the NAT stuff to after.rules, and changed the default rule for "routed" traffic to "deny". It seems that POSTROUTING occurs after the default deny rule is applied - so if something is denied by the default rule, it won't be nat routed out. It is possible to add user rules of course (of the kind "ufw route allow ...") and they can permit traffic before the default deny is applied, and that will then be routed out as expected.